Bhutan
Festivals Information
|
The Tshechu (Annual Festival)
The Tshechu is a festival honoring Guru Padma
Sambhava, “one who was born from a lotus
flower.” This Indian saint contributed
enormously to the diffusion of Tartaric Buddhism
in the Himalayan regions of Tibet, Nepal, and
Bhutan etc. around 800 AD. He is the founder
of the Nyingmapa, the “old school”
of Lamaism which still has numerous followers.
The biography of Guru is highlighted by 12 episodes
of the model of the Buddha Shakyamuni’s
life. Each episode is commemorated around the
year on the 10th day of the month by “the
Tshechu”. The dates and the duration of
the festivals vary from one district to another
but they always take place on or around the
10th day of the month according to the Bhutanese
calendar. During Tshechu, the dances are performed
by monks as well as by laymen. The Tshechu is
a religious festival and by attending it, it
is believed one gains merits. It is also a yearly
social gathering where the people, dressed in
all their finery, come together to rejoice.
Detailed explanation on the meaning of each
dance performed during the Tshechu will be provided
to guests by our tour guides.
Festival Dance schedule:
Day 1.
-
Shacham Dance
of the 4 stags (Costume: the stags wear knee-length
skirts and masks of stags) The stag dance
portrays the subjugation of the evil Wind
King by Guru Rimpoche.
-
Peling Ging Sum
: Dance of the Three Kings of Ging
(Costume: The Gings wear knee-length skirts.
The first part of this dance is performed
with sticks and animal masks; the second with
swords and fierce masks) this mask dance symbolizes
victory of good over evil. The great “Treasure
Discoverer” Pema Lingpa in Zandopelri,
is believed to have seen the dance of the
Three Kings of Ging - all emanations of Guru
Rimpoche.
-
Pacham : Dance
of the Heroes (Costume: Knee-length yellow
skirts and golden crowns. No mask. They hold
small bells and drums. This dance portrays
the act of leading believers of the human
world into the presence of Guru Rimpoche.
-
Shawo Shachi :
Dance of the Stag and the Hounds (Costume:
dog mask, stag mask and knee-length yellow
skirts). The dance portrays compassion over
all sentient beings as the great sage, Jetseon
Milarepa, brings harmony between the stag,
(the prey) and a dog, (the predator).
-
Dramyan Cham :
Dance of the Guitar (Costume: Elaborate and
heavy woolen clothes with traditional felt
boots, long black skirt, yellow shirt, brown
coat, sword and a circular head dress. One
dancer is holding a traditional guitar called
Dramyen.
-
Zshana:
Dance of the 21 Black Hats. (Costume: large
black hat, felt boots, colourful brocade long
dress. No masks The Black Hat Dancers represent
yogis who have the power to take and recreate
life.
-
Zshana Nga Cham:
Dance of the 21 Black Hats with drums
This is a victory dance following the destruction
of the evil.
-
Kyecham:
Dance of the Attendants (Costume: Knee-length
yellow skirts, animal masks, sword in the
right hand) The dance portrays King Norzang
and his armed companions during a holy war.
-
Phole Mole:
Dance of the Noblemen and the Ladies This
drama is based on the folktale of King Norzang.
-
Dramitse Ngacham:
Dance of the 16 Drum-Beaters from
Dramitse. (Costume: Knee-length yellow skirts,
different animal masks and drums) This illustrates
a vision seen by 15th by nun Chorten Zangmo
in the 15th century in which she saw the attendants
of Guru Rimpoche performing a dance.
-
Shao Shachi:
Dance of the Stag and the Hound (see day one,
No.4)
-
Durdag :
Dance of the Lords of the Cremation Grounds
(Costume: white short skirts, white boots,
white skull masks. This dance portrays how
the lords (protectors) of the cremation grounds
subjugated the assembly of demonic powers
who have violated their oath of not harming
the tartaric doctrine.
-
Tungam :
Dance of the Terrifying Deities (Costume:
Beautiful brocade dresses, boots and terrifying
masks.) The dance demonstrates the passage
of men and the demi-gods who become enemies
of Buddhism. To overcome these evil powers,
Guru Rimpoche takes the form of “Fierce
Thunderbolt”. He then wages war against
the evil forces and liberates men into a superior
sphere of bliss.
-
Raksha Mangcham
: Dance of the Raksha and the Judgement
of the Dead. It’s a dance of the Rakshas
who are the helpers of the Lord of Death “Shinje.”
The dance dramatises souls of beings led to
judgement before “Shinje”.
-
Bumthang Ter Cham:
A folk dance of Bumthang Tamshing (Costume:
white masks, knee-length yellow skirts, a
little bell and drum in hand.)
-
Durdag:
Dance of the Lords of Cremation Grounds
-
Ging Dang Tsholing:
The Dance of Ging and Tsholing (Costume: The
Tsholing wear long colourful dresses and terrifying
masks. The Ging wear a replica of a tiger
skins, attractive animal masks with a flag
on top and carry drums. This dance depicts
the paradise of Ugyen Rimpoche, i.e. the Zangtoepelri
from where all the incarnations of Ugyen Rimpoche,
essence of all the Buddhas, are sent to the
Three Worlds.
-
Guru Tshen Gye:
Dance of the Eight Manifestations of Guru.
It is believed that during the performance
of this particular dance, Ugyen Rimpoche manifests
Himself, and the onlookers at the dance receive
the blessings of Ugyen Rimpoche’s mind,
speech and body.
-
Rigma Chudrug:
Dance of the Sixteen Fairies The sixteen fairies
are emanations of the same person. They are
Goddesses of offerings who are divided into
four categories. Each category is again divided
into four, totaling 16. The dance is performed
to bring total happiness for the people who
believe in the manifestations of Ugyen Rimpoche.
| TENTATIVE
FESTIVAL DATES FOR 2008 |
| S.N.
|
FESTIVAL
|
PLACE
|
DATES
|
| 01
|
Punakha Tshechu |
Punakha |
Feb 11- Feb
15 |
| 02
|
Chorten Kora |
Trashiyangtse |
Feb 21 Mar
7 |
| 03
|
Gomkora Tshechu |
Trashigang |
Mar 14
Mar 16 |
| 04
|
Paro Tshechu |
Paro |
Mar 17 Mar
21 |
| 05
|
Chukha Tshechu |
Chukha |
Mar 19
Mar 21 |
| 06
|
Ura Yakchoe |
Bumthang |
April 16 April
20 |
| 07
|
Nimalung Tshechu |
Bumthang |
Jul 10 Jul
12 |
| 08
|
Kurjey Tshechu |
Bumthang |
Jul 12 |
| 09
|
Thimphu
Drupchen |
Thimphu |
Oct 4
Oct 8 |
| 10
|
Wangdue Tshechu |
Wangduephodrang |
Oct 7
Oct 9 |
| 11
|
Tamshingphala
Choepa |
Bumthang |
Oct 8 Oct
10 |
| 12
|
Thimphu
Tshechu |
Thimphu |
Oct 9 Oct
11 |
| 13
|
Tangbi Mani |
Bumthang |
Oct 13 Oct
15 |
| 14
|
Jambay Lakhang
Drup |
Bumthang |
Nov 12 Nov
16 |
| 15
|
Prakhar Duchhoed |
Prakhar |
Nov 13 Nov
15 |
| 16
|
Mongar Tshechu |
Mongar |
Dec 4 Dec
7 |
| 17
|
Pemagatsel
Tshechu |
Pemagatshel |
Dec 4 Dec
7 |
| 18
|
Trashigang
Tshechu |
Trashigang |
Dec 5 Dec
8 |
| 19
|
Nalakhar Tshechu |
Bumthang |
Dec 12 Dec
14 |
| 20
|
Trongsa Tshechu |
Trongsa |
Jan 5 Jan
7 (2009) |
| 21
|
Lhuntse Tshechu |
Lhuntse |
Jan 5 Jan
7 (2009) |
|
| |
| |
|
TENTATIVE
FESTIVAL DATES FOR 2009 |
| S.N. |
FESTIVAL |
PLACE |
DATES |
|
01
|
Punakha Tshechu |
Punakha |
1 8 Mar |
|
02
|
Chorten Kora |
Trashiyangtse |
11 Mar and 26 Mar |
|
03
|
Gomkora Tshechu |
Trashigang |
2 4 Apr |
|
04
|
Paro Tshechu |
Paro |
5 9 Apr |
|
05
|
Chukha Tshechu |
Chukha |
7 9 Apr |
|
06
|
Ura Yakchoe |
Bumthang |
5 9 May |
|
07
|
Nimalung Tshechu |
Bumthang |
30 Jun 2 Jul |
|
08
|
Kurjey Tshechu |
Bumthang |
2 Jul |
|
09
|
Thimphu Drupchen |
Thimphu |
23 27 Sep |
|
10
|
Wangdue Tshechu |
Wangduephodrang |
26 28 Sep |
|
11
|
Tamshingphala Choepa |
Bumthang |
27 29 Sep |
|
12
|
Thimphu Tshechu |
Thimphu |
28 30 Sep |
|
13
|
Tangbi Mani |
Bumthang |
3 - 5 Oct |
|
14
|
Jambay Lakhang Drup |
Bumthang |
2 - 6 Nov |
|
15
|
Prakhar Duchhoed |
Prakhar |
3 - 5 Nov |
|
16
|
Mongar Tshechu |
Mongar |
25 - 27 Nov |
|
17
|
Pemagatsel Tshechu |
Pemagatshel |
25 - 27 Nov |
|
18
|
Trashigang Tshechu |
Trashigang |
26 - 28 Nov |
|
19
|
Nalakhar Tshechu |
Bumthang |
2 - 4 Dec |
|
20
|
Trongsa Tshechu |
Trongsa |
25 - 27 Dec |
|
21
|
Lhuntse Tshechu |
Lhuntse |
25 - 27 Dec |
|
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BHUTAN
TRAVEL INFORMATION |
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